遥感和地理信息系统在植被生态学中的应用研究动态

近年来国外应用遥感和ＧＬＳ技术进行植被研究的最新动态。／     

校园生态足迹分析——以苏州科技学院为例

在简要介绍了生态足迹理论的基础上,采用成分法对苏州科技学院的生态足迹进行了测算,并通过盈亏分析,揭示苏州科技学院的生态水平,提出了苏州科技学院的降低生态足迹需求的对策建议。     

Diet of tropical insectivorous birds in lowland Malaysian rainforest

ABSTRACT

Despite the importance of diet in avian ecology, knowledge of bird diet in tropical regions, particularly South-East Asia, is limited. Assessing predator–prey relationships of how energy flows across ecosystems provides insight into niche segregation of sympatric species. We examined induced-regurgitation samples from 15 species of insectivorous birds – 12 babblers and three flycatcher-like species – from the Krau Wildlife Reserve, central Peninsular Malaysia. The main objective of this study was to compare and characterise the diet of similar trophically insectivorous birds so as to examine the occurrence of dietary overlap or segregation. The majority of identified prey items belong to the following arthropod taxa: Coleoptera (53%), Hymenoptera (19%), Blattodea (11%), and Araneae (11%). The diet of all bird species slightly overlapped (p = 0.070) but network analysis yielded a relatively low value (R_o = 0.53), indicating dietary divergence may have occurred among the studied bird species, possibly reflected by the variation in proportion of arthropod groups. A high proportion of Coleoptera and three other arthropod groups (i.e. Hymenoptera, Blattodea and Araneae) in the diet of studied birds could be related to their richness and abundance in aerial leaf-litter, the substrate preferred by most babblers. Dietary differences may further be explained by variations in bill shapes and sizes, likely corresponding to prey size. Unique foraging strategies (utilising different vertical strata, microhabitats, and attack manoeuvres) could also lead to dietary separation among sympatric species. Flycatcher-like species were expected to flycatch different prey items (families or lower taxa) versus the gleaning birds (most babblers). This study successfully discerned more details on the diets of insectivorous birds inhabiting Malaysian forests, providing a foundation for future studies on the ecology and biology of understorey birds.     

基于生态捕食模型的多目标优化问题求解算法

根据种群生态学中的捕食模型，将多个目标的权值对应到生态系统的种群规模，利用生态捕食模型的动态周期性变化特性，提出了一种新的进化多目标优化算法．该算法通过生态捕食模型来动态调整各个目标的权值，无需人为指定，从而减少了对问题知识的依赖，快速找到非劣解集．文中给出了权值调整策略的参数选择标准，并选择几个比较困难的多目标函数优化问题做了实验．实验结果表明了新方法的有效性．     

The Effects of Sin in The Scarlet Letter

"Sin" plays a very important role in the understanding of Hawthorne's "psychological romance"— The Scarlet Letter.The paper introduces the major view that influences him--the Puritan doctrine of "original sin" so as to investigate Hawthorne's own attitudes towards the sin and the effects of sin on the two main characters in the novel.     

工程原始档案归档工作存在的问题与思考

阐述了工程原始档案归档的范围及内容,分析了工程原始档案归档现状和存在问题,在此基础上提出了改进意见。     

自然选择与漂变的统计性探析

生物学中的进化论的统计性问题是生物学家和生物哲学家持久争论的问题。作为进化论中重要的理论一自然选择与漂变是双方争论的焦点。双方都希望通过对于自然选择和漂变的解释来证明自己的观点。通过对双方观点的整理比较发现双方的观点都存在着一些问题，而这些问题是否是自然选择和漂变在生物学上不同领域的研究造成了这个结果？因为进化生物学本来就包含着两个不同的研究领域--关于过程的进化生态学和关于结果的群体遗传学。     

桉树的美化生态功能及园林应用

桉树植物在园林中的应用越来越普遍，本文通过分析桉树植物的生态功能及在园林设计中的应用价值，旨在为其在园林中的广泛应用提供参考．     

对生态学学科地位与现状的反思

在飞速发展的整个生命科学体系中,生态学目前仍应该算是相对落后的学科.其落后性主要表现在缺乏统一的基础理论,学科内部认同性差,难以相互借鉴.这是当前人们对生态学复杂多变的研究对象缺乏整体把握能力而形成的一个必然现象.人们对生命复杂系统的认识理解水平的低下导致的生态学理论的不成熟、方法的不完善,以及其他种种因素使得这种落后性至少在最近一段时间内还难以改变.     

三峡库区生态环境问题的核心—林业生态

针对三峡库区严峻的生态环境问题，提出林业生态是解决库区生态环境问题的核心，并分析了林业生态建设开展的内容和有利条件。